Radioactive Waste: Waste that contains radionuclides
(nuclei of atoms that posses properties of spontaneous disintegration - radioactivity).
Radioactive Waste Types:
Low-Level Radioactive Waste (LLW): is radioactive waste, including
accelerator-produced waste, that is not high-level radioactive waste, spent nuclear fuel,
transuranic waste, by product material (as defined in section 11e.(2) of the Atomic Energy
Act of 1954), or naturally occurring radioactive material (DOE Order 435.1)
Mixed Low-Level Waste (MLLW): is defined as LLW determined to
contain both a hazardous component subject to the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA),
as amended, and a radioactive component subject to the Atomic Energy Act (DOE Order 435. 1).
High Level Waste (HLW): The highly radioactive waste material resulting
from the reprocessing of spent nuclear fuel, including liquid waste produced directly in reprocessing
and any solid material derived from such liquid waste that contains fission products in
sufficient concentrations; and other highly radioactive material that is determined, consistent
with existing law, to require permanent isolation. (DOE Order 435.1)
High-Level Vitrified Waste (HLW-Vitrified): High-level waste that has been
stabilized (chemically converted to a less harmful form) through a vitrification process (i.e., by mixing
it with molten glass). The glass mixture is poured into cylindrical metal canisters, where it
hardens.
Transuranic Waste (TRU): is radioactive waste containing more than 100 nanocuries
of alpha-emitting transuranic isotopes per gram of waste, with half-lives greater than 20 years. The term
transuranic means those elements with an atomic number greater than that of uranium (i.e., atomic number > 92).
(DOE Order 435. 1)
Contaminated Media: Contaminated environmental media are materials
such as soil, sediment, surface water, groundwater, and others (e.g., sludge and rubble/debris that are
intermixed with media) that are contaminated at levels requiring cleanup or require further assessment
to determine whether an environmental restoration action is warranted.
Ex-Situ Contaminated Media: Contaminated environmental media that
have been or are planned to be remediated by: 1) excavating or otherwise removing the contaminated
media from the ground/environment; 2) treating when appropriate; and 3) disposing of these media
either back in their initial location after treatment or in a specifically designed facility that
isolates the media from the environment.
In-Situ Contaminated Media: Contaminated environmental media that have
been or are likely to be remediated, without excavation, by using strategies that destroy, isolate,
or prevent any further spread of contaminants into the surrounding environment (e.g., in-situ treatment,
capping in place, institutional controls).
The majority of CID reports refer to "ex-situ" contaminated media.
Go to report CM-10 for information about in-situ contaminated media.
Combined Radioactive Waste/Contaminated Media:
a combination of Radioactive waste and /Contaminated Media.
Spent Nuclear Fuel: Fuel that has been permanently
withdrawn from a nuclear reactor following irradiation, but has not been processed to
remove its constituent elements.
Management Activities: Many of the CID reports
present volumes associated with management activities. These management activities
include treatment, generation, process outputs, and disposal.
Click here to see a graphic
overview of the relationship of DOE material management activities.
Generation: The origination of new waste from various
facility operations (including production, decontamination and decommissioning, and rework).
New generation data do not include additional volumes that result from treatment processes
or volumes transferred between sites. "Generation" of ex-situ contaminated media has a
different meaning: It is not the origination of new contaminated media, but rather the
excavation of contaminated media as part of a remedial action. By definition, in-situ
contaminated media is never generated because it is contaminated media remediated without
excavation. For in-situ contaminated media, DOE sites report the current year's total
estimated volume (entered as an average or a range).
Process Outputs: A quantity of waste/media/spent nuclear fuel
that is created from treatment processes or other management activities. These quantities
are often referred to as "secondary wastes". The CID distinguishes these amounts from quantities
of waste that are newly generated from ongoing program activities.
Treatment: Any method, technique, or process designed to change
the physical or chemical character of waste to render it less hazardous; safer to transport,
store, or dispose; or reduce its volume.
Receipts: A quantity that shows the amount of waste/media/spent
nuclear fuel a site receives from another site.
Disposal: A particular management activity for a waste/media
stream where the waste is emplaced in a manner that ensures protection of human health and the
environment within prescribed limits for the foreseeable future. For waste/media that has undergone
disposal, there is no intent of retrieval and deliberate action is required to regain access to the
waste.
Facility: A facility is defined as buildings, land, other structures and facilities (OSFs), and trailers/modulars/containers that are owned or leased by DOE.
Excess Facility: A facility that is no longer required for the conduct of DOE missions because of inadequacy/age, lack of funding, or changing mission priorities, but has not yet been transferred to the Office of Environmental Management (EM) management. In the CID, "Facility Excessed" indicates whether the Field Office/Site has designated the property as excess now or will be excess in the future. It is not intended to indicate that the Office of Field Integration in accordance with the DOE requirements has formally declared the property excess.
Hazard Category Group: Identifies facilities that contain or handle radioactive and/or chemical materials. For the purposes of the CID, facilities with a "Radiological" Hazard Category Group are broadly defined to include those facilities that meet the definition for either Nuclear Facility Category 1, Nuclear Facility Category 2, Nuclear Facility Category 3, or Radiological Facility as defined in DOE Standard 1027-92. Facilities with a "Chemical Hazard" Hazard Category Group are those that contain quantities of chemicals that exceed the threshold quantity for those chemicals as defined by OSHA's Chemical Process Safety regulation 29 CFR 1910.119, Appendix A. Facilities with a "Radiological and Chemical Hazard" Hazard Category Group are those that meet the Radiological and Chemical Hazard definition. The Hazard Category Group of "Not Applicable" refers to facilities that do not meet either the Radiological or Chemical Hazard definition. "No Information Provided" is listed for a facility when no information pertaining to the Hazard Category Group is available.
Non-Radioactive Hazardous Waste: Any solid waste or combination of solid wastes, which do not contain radionuclides of any type and, because of its quantity, concentration, or physical, chemical, or infectious characteristics may: 1) cause or significantly contribute to an increase in mortality or an increase in serious irreversible, or incapacitating reversible, illness; or 2) pose a substantial present or potential hazard to human health or the environment when improperly treated, stored, transported, or disposed of, or otherwise managed.